"
The situation was very different in Antarctica."
The survey was published this week in the Journal of Glaciology
(http://www.

1934 ordeal

In Greenland, the survey saw large ice losses along the southeastern coast
and a large increase in ice thickness at higher elevations in the interior due
to relatively high rates of snowfall.

notebooks enhanced

Researchers used nine years of elevation mapping over
much of Antarctica and 10. Supported studies cover regions that begin with Earth's
neutral upper atmosphere, extend outwards through the ionosphere and beyond
the magnetosphere.

polar 1888

, reported a speed up of ice flow into the sea from several Greenland
glaciers. Also thinning were
the ice shelves around West Antarctica, where temperatures have been
increasing. Continuing research using NASA
satellites and other data will narrow the uncertainties in this important
issue and help solve the mystery.gov/home

byrd explorers

All are signs of a warming climate predicted by computer models.
The maximum grant value is $589,193.

antarctica 1925

This new survey is the first to inventory the losses of ice and the
addition of new snow on both continents in a consistent and comprehensive way
throughout an entire decade. These loses, which may
have been going on for decades, outweighed the gains in snow and ice seen in
the East Antarctic ice sheet and parts of West Antarctica.

transcript polar

Sites and pages devoted to Richard Byrd (1888-1957).

1957 pole

WASHINGTON, In the most comprehensive survey ever
undertaken of the massive ice sheets covering both Greenland and Antarctica,
NASA scientists confirm climate warming is changing how much water remains
locked in Earth's largest storehouses of ice and snow."
Other recent studies have shown increasing losses of ice in parts of these
sheets. It also used previous NASA airborne
mapping of the edges of the Greenland ice sheets to determine how fast the
thickness is changing. The survey pinpointed where the ice sheets
were thinning and where they were growing.igsoc.

aviator admiral

12 inches) a
year," Zwally said .

NASA Awards Cornell University Science Grant

explorer 1927

Last month NASA scientists at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory , Pasadena,
Calif.nasa. WASHINGTON, NASA's Science Mission Directorate
awarded Cornell University , Ithaca, N.

admiral topic

The survey shows there was a net loss of ice from the combined polar ice
sheets between 1992 and 2002 and a corresponding rise in sea level.
The survey combines new satellite mapping of the height of the ice sheets
from two European Space Agency satellites.

Aviator and explorer , he made the first flight over the North Pole, and led several Antarctic expeditions.

explorer admiral

The 20 billion net tons added
to the oceans is equivalent to the amount of fresh water annually used in
homes , businesses and farming in New York, New Jersey and Virginia.
NASA solicited proposals for the program to support its goal of
understanding the space that surrounds and is influenced by various solar
system bodies.

explorers 1927

"The
Greenland ice sheet could be facing an irreversible decline by the end of the
century. Some
ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula have totally disintegrated in recent
years, allowing the ice from the land to move into the ocean faster.org). For more information about the research and images on
the Web, visit:

http://www.

timeline explorers

"A race is going on in
Greenland between these competing forces of snow build-up in the interior and
ice loss on the edges. The floating ice shelves are vulnerable to climate change.
The research also supports the Vision for Space Exploration, NASA's long-
term plan to return astronauts to the moon and extend exploration to Mars and
beyond.

ordeal 1925

notebooks enhanced

Y.

polar richard

NASA Survey Confirms Climate Warming Impact on Polar Ice Sheets

According to Zwally, this situation may have changed in just the past few
years.nasa.

admiral pole

The ice sheets had a major
net loss of ice due to outflow from West Antarctica. The Greenland
ice sheet annually gained approximately 11 billion tons of water, while
Antarctica lost about 31 billion tons per year.
"The study indicates that the contribution of the ice sheets to sea-level
rise during the decade studied was much smaller than expected, just two
percent of the recent increase of nearly three millimeters (0.

notebooks enhanced

The survey
documented for the first time extensive thinning of the West Antarctic ice
shelves , an increase in snowfall in the interior of Greenland and thinning at
the edges.
"The melting of ice at the edges of the ice sheet is also increasing,
which causes the ice to flow faster," Zwally said. But we don't know how long they will be approximately
in balance with each other or if that balance has already tipped in favor of
the recently accelerating outflow from glaciers. "Current estimates of the other major sources of sea-level
rise -- expansion of the ocean by warming temperatures and runoff from low-
latitude glaciers -- do not make up the difference, so we have a mystery on
our hands as to where the water is coming from.
For information about NASA and agency programs on the Web, visit:

http://www.

1925 1957

transcript explorer

archival 1957

"If the trends we're seeing continue and climate warming continues as
predicted, the polar ice sheets could change dramatically ," said survey lead
author Jay Zwally of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Md.
When the scientists added up the gains and loses of ice from the Greenland
and Antarctic sheets , there was a net loss of ice to the sea.

enhanced explorer

5 years of data over Greenland from the European
Remote-sensing Satellites 1 and 2. That study included observations through 2005; Zwally's survey
concluded with 2002 data.

transcript explorer

This study suggests there was a slight
gain in the total mass of frozen water in the ice sheet over the decade
studied, contrary to previous assessments.gov/vision/earth/environment/ice_sheets .

transcript notebooks

html

, a geospace science program grant.
The program has three components: the Geospace Supporting Research and
Technology program supports theoretical research, development and exercise of
models and simulations, analysis and interpretation of data to identify and
understand the physical processes important to geospace structure and
dynamics; the Geospace Instrument Development Program supports the development
of instrument technologies that show promise for use in scientific
investigations on future geospace science missions; and the Geospace Low Cost
Access to Space program supports research in geospace science that requires
the space-flight of instrumentation.

explorers alone

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