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NASA Finds Safe Zone in Earth 's Radiation Belt

Scientists debated two theories to explain how the safe zone was cleared . Bodo Reinisch, University of
Massachusetts, Lowell.

fragments thunderstorms

NEW YORK, Imaginova(TM) Corp.com(R) can post and vote on the best user-
submitted images, ranging from weather phenomena like lightning strikes to
extreme travel adventures and far away galaxies.com/amazingimages/
and http://www." (Source: "Hurricanes and Global Warming: Is
there a link?" TCSDaily. Anthony R.

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.
According to the lightning theory, radio waves clear the safe zone by
interacting with the radiation belt particles, removing a little of their
energy and changing their direction.
This could be useful for human exploration of interesting bodies like
Jupiter's moon Europa, which orbits within the giant planet's intense
radiation belt.

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"Amazing Images
gives anyone with a camera a place to share their experiences , whether as a
lone skier on an untouched mountain range, a keen observer of cloud-to-cloud
lightning flashes or a witness to meteor showers. An alternate theory, confirmed by this research, stated
radio waves generated by lightning were responsible.
The flash we see from lightning is just part of the total radiation it
produces.

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Is Global Warming to Blame for Increased Hurricane Activity and More Powerful Storms? Leading Climate Scientists Remain Unconvinced

The unexpected result
resolves a forty-year-old debate as to how the safe zone is formed, and it
illuminates how the region is cleared after it is filled with radiation during
magnetic storms . They concluded when magnetic storms, caused
by violent solar activity, inject a new supply of high -speed particles into
the safe zone, lightning clears them away in a few days.html

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space . James J.

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September 25, 2005." The Kansas City
Star, October 2, 2005. He is the lead author of the paper about the research
published in the Journal of Geophysical Research.

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It allows users to post their own
images and create personalized homepages with those images.prnewswire.

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Roy Spencer, former senior scientist for Climate Studies at NASA's
Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Alabama , believes that Hurricane
Katrina was a naturally occurring hurricane and those who tie it to global
warming are wrongly politicizing science. The research may eventually be applied to remove radiation
belts around the Earth and other worlds, reducing the hazards of the space
environment. James Green of NASA's Goddard Space Flight
Center, Greenbelt, Md.
Engineers may eventually design spacecraft to generate radio waves at the
correct frequency and location to clear radiation belts around other planets.

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"Without the cleansing
effect from lightning, there would be just one big radiation belt, with no
easily accessible place to put satellites," he said. Lightning also generates radio waves. In the same way visible light
is bent by a prism, these radio waves are bent by electrically charged gas
trapped in the Earth's magnetic field. That causes the waves to flow out into
space along the Earth's magnetic field lines.nasa.

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"The proliferation of digital cameras and camera phones has made it
extremely easy to capture new perspectives of the world around us," explains
Jason Hoch, Imaginova's Vice President of Internet Operations.com Amazing Images gallery. ***Expert Availability***

WASHINGTON, Coming off one of the most
devastating hurricane seasons in recent memory, many are quick to blame the
strength and frequency of these storms on global warming. But for storms that
hit the southeastern United States, there is absolutely no scientific support
for a correlation between hurricane intensity and global warming." New York Daily
News. "This catastrophe has been
predicted by hurricane experts for decades and more will eventually occur --
with or without global warming."

Dr.
The prominent theory stated radio waves from space, generated by turbulence in
the zone, cleared it.

To confirm the theory, the team used a global map of lightning activity
made with the Micro Lab 1 spacecraft.gov/vision/universe/solarsystem/image_lightning.

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Amazing Images can be found at http://www. Users can register for free to submit their photos.
The safe zone, called the Van Allen Belt slot, is a potential haven
offering reduced radiation dosages for satellites that require Middle Earth
Orbits (MEOs). This lowers the mirror point, the place
above the polar regions where the particles bounce.

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Because the radiation belt particles are
electrically charged, they respond to magnetic forces. "We were fascinated to
discover evidence that strongly supported the lightning theory, because we
usually think about how the space environment affects the Earth, not the
reverse ," Green said.

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Currently, the LiveScience..

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"
Amazing Images has brought together photographers who are hobbyists or
professionals in science related fields.com Amazing Images gallery is home to images
ranging from furry creatures; mountain and desert landscapes; waterscapes;
exotic locales or extreme travel adventures; and weather phenomena.

CONTACT: Linda Fung
212-703-5873, lfung@imaginova.)

Dr.com or Andrea Saul at 202-572-6260;
asaul@dcgpr .com. Scott Boardsen, Leonard Garcia, William
Taylor, and Shing Fung from Goddard; and Dr.

atmospheric explain

More features and enhancements are in development. O'Brien, director of the Center for Ocean-Atmospheric
Prediction Studies, Florida State University said, "Alarmists are claiming
that global warming -- which they relate to the burning of fossil fuels --
have increased the intensity or strength of hurricanes.

com, September 4, 2004. For images and information about this research on the
Web, visit:

http://www.

thunderstorms ufos

Images of
auroras, eclipses, galaxies, nebulae, the Moon, the planets, spacecraft and
crews can be uploaded to the SPACE. Pat Michaels, Virginia state climatologist and research professor of
environmental sciences, University of Virginia, contests that global warming
may have a negative impact on hurricane intensity, claiming, "There are many
more factors determining hurricane frequency and severity, some of which (such
as westerly wind strength) should become LESS conducive to hurricanes as the
planet warms.
The research team included Drs.

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com/amazingimages/. When this happens , the
radiation belt particles can no longer bounce back into space, because they
collide with atmospheric particles and dissipate their energy.

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livescience.

Dr." (Source:
"Rita and Katrina fit normal storm patterns: meteorologist. Lupo, associate professor of atmospheric science in the
Department of Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Sciences, University of
Missouri, Columbia , believes "Hurricane activity is cyclic and over the course
of a few decades, there are active times and inactive times. WASHINGTON, Lightning in clouds, only a few miles
above the ground, clears a safe zone in the radiation belts thousands of miles
above the Earth, according to NASA-funded researchers . The belts are comprised of high-speed
electrically charged particles (electrons and atomic nuclei ) trapped in the
Earth's magnetic field.

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announces the launch
of its new online destination, Amazing Images(TM), where visitors to
LiveScience. Climate
models, for all their problems, are unanimous in at least one respect: they
predict that most of the future warming will be in high latitudes, in the
polar regions ." (Source: "Rash
of hurricanes is not necessarily linked to global warming .

The Van Allen Belt slot would appear as a
space between the inner and outer donut. IMAGE and Dynamics Explorer showed the radio wave activity in the
safe zone closely followed terrestrial lightning patterns observed by Micro
Lab 1.

commented tornadoes

Leading climate
scientists, however, say there is no link between increased storm activity and
a massive change in global climate.
"The multi -billion-dollar Global Positioning System satellites skirt the
edge of the safe zone," said Dr.

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Visitors to
Amazing Images can rate and vote for the best image in a category, of the day,
of the month or of all-time. It's free to view and rate the
images."

George Taylor, Oregon state climatologist and faculty member, Oregon State
University College of Oceanic and Atmospheric Sciences, says "There is no
reason to expect increases in hurricanes due to greenhouse warming. All other things being equal, a warmer world should have
fewer, not more, hurricanes.
If the Van Allen radiation belts were visible from space, they would
resemble a pair of donuts around the Earth, one inside the other, with the
planet in the hole of the innermost. The Earth's magnetic field has invisible lines of
magnetic force emerging from the South Polar Region, out into space and back
into the North Polar Region. They used radio wave data from the Radio
Plasma Imager on the Imager for Magnetopause to Aurora Global Exploration
(IMAGE) spacecraft, combined with archival data from the Dynamics Explorer
spacecraft.
According to the team, there would not be a correlation if the radio waves
came from space instead of Earth.

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com(TM) and SPACE.)

Dr. The particles spiral
around the Earth 's magnetic field lines, bouncing from pole to pole where the
planet's magnetic field is concentrated . Eventually, the mirror
point becomes so low; it is in the Earth's atmosphere.