Most materials are non-magnetic
because they have equal numbers of up and down electron spins, which cancel
each other. Other magnetic
materials , such as manganese, are called antiferromagnetic because their
atomic spins tend to align in the opposite direction from their neighbors,
which yields no external magnetic field but interesting spintronic
properties.
NLR's Experiment Support Services will provide a wide range of services
and enable new capabilities for the increasing number of projects that
leverage the unique NLR infrastructure."
The announcement was made as approximately 60 leaders in advanced
networking across the country gathered today in the North Carolina's Research
Triangle Park for the first All -Hands Meeting for NLR member organizations.
"This work conducted on NLR will create new scientific opportunities in
North Carolina and beyond," said Dr.net for more information.

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In their experiments , the IBM researchers created chains of up to 10
manganese atoms atop an extremely thin electrically insulating surface and
measured how the magnetic properties changed as each new atom was added. MCNC and N.
Advances in computing technologies are enabling new frontiers of research
in many fields, including earth science, high energy and nuclear physics,
astrophysics, fusion energy science, molecular dynamics, nanoscience and
genomics. The fiber-optic, private network is dedicated to
research and education, providing a statewide network backbone to foster
innovation .

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The researchers first move atoms into position and then measure the
interactions between their atomic spins, which are the fundamental sources
of magnetism. State University Lead National Network
Technology Research on Unique Optical Infrastructure

RESEARCH TRIANGLE PARK, N. research
universities and private sector technology companies to provide a national
scale infrastructure for research and experimentation in networking
technologies and applications .

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"This kind of exploratory research is essential for the long-term future of
the computer industry," said Gian-Luca Bona, manager of science and
technology at IBM Almaden. State University bring a long
history of nationally recognized leadership in the most advanced aspects of
networking . (NLR) is a major initiative of U.nlr.

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research universities and private sector
technology companies deploying a nationwide optical networking infrastructure,
today announced that MCNC, which operates the nationally-recognized leading-
edge North Carolina Research and Education Network (NCREN), will operate NLR
Experiment Support Services."
More information about the NLR ESS can be found at http://www. NCREN also provides access to national
research networks.

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Spintronics is an emerging class of new electronic circuits that exploit
the magnetic orientations of electrons and atoms -- the quantum property
called "spin" -- in addition to or instead of the traditional flow of
electrical charges. State University, is facilitating research
and experimentation in networking technologies and applications as the
nationwide provider of experiment support services for NLR, an innovative and
unique national fiber optic infrastructure designed to foster the advancement
of networking research and next generation network-based applications in
science, engineering and medicine . Current high-speed
networks do not provide the capabilities needed for many projects.

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-- Determine the feasibility of spin-based wires and a spin version of
the molecular-motion cascade, the group 's 2002 achievement that included an
arrangement of molecules that formed a working computer circuit some
260,000 times smaller than its conventional design in silicon (or about 50
years of circuit-shrinking at Moore's Law pace).
-- Investigate how engineered spin interactions could be applied to
quantum information systems, such as quantum computers. Services will include coordinating the
deployment of experimental equipment, providing engineering support and other
assistance to researchers, serving as a facilitator for the researchers and
research collaboration, and establishing a set of tools that enables
researchers to access the NLR infrastructure in ways not possible on other
production research and education networks.

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"We have developed a window into the atomic heart of magnetism," said
Andreas Heinrich, research staff member at IBM's Almaden Research Center in
San Jose, California. Experiments
measuring atomic magnetic properties require an insulating surface because
the large numbers of available conducting electrons within a metal would
overwhelm and cancel out any spin variations from individual atoms being
studied. Their spins tend to align in the same direction and thus produce
the external magnetic field that we can see or feel.
For example, an NSF-sponsored project called CHEETAH involving the
University of Virginia, NCSU , Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, and
City University of New York is being conducted to develop a next-generation
network capable of supporting these types of research projects.

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Scientists and network researchers
are able to develop and control their own dedicated, end-to-end network
testbeds .

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"We can now position atoms and then measure and
control their magnetic interactions within precisely designed structures.

Household magnets are made of ferromagnetic materials, such as iron or
cobalt .nlr.

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, National LambdaRail
(NLR), a consortium of leading U. Large-scale research projects typically involve teams of scientists
and scientific equipment from multiple geographic locations.
"Our goal is to develop a high-speed optical testbed to provide
connection-oriented networking services . NLR puts the control, the power and the promise
of experimental network infrastructure in the hands of our nation's scientists
and researchers. Visit http://www.

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The new method promises to be an important tool in the quest not only to
understand the operation of future computer circuit and data-storage
elements as they shrink toward atomic dimensions, but also to lay the
foundation for new materials and computing devices that leverage atom-scale
magnetic phenomena.S.

norditalia condensed

Tom West, chief executive officer of NLR said, "NLR's selection of MCNC to
run NLR's Experiment Support Services will further strengthen the unique
capabilities of the nationwide National LambdaRail optical infrastructure to
support leading-edge research.

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Background

The new technique builds upon the IBM team's development in late 2004 of
spin-flip spectroscopy -- a method for measuring magnetic properties of
single atoms.S.C.net/ess/
Other NLR research projects are profiled at http: //www.org.

adapting mindanao

on the surfaces are the manganese structures, one to 10 atoms long. We
will then need alternative structures and, perhaps, altogether different
ways of computing. Two IBM scientists in Switzerland won the 1986
Nobel Prize in Physics for their early 1980s invention of the scanning
tunneling microscope (STM).C. These high-speed networks,
capable of transmitting 10 gigabits per second, are physically and
operationally independent of each other.

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PRESS RELEASE IBM Scientists Develop New Way to Explore and Control Atom-Scale Magnetism

Indeed, while the IBM team first showed how to use the STM to
move and position individual atoms atop metal surfaces back in 1990, until
now no one has been able to move and position atoms on insulating surfaces
because those surfaces tend to be atomically complex, rough, easily damaged
and/or have varying attractive forces with the atoms .

For their spin-excitation spectroscopy experiments, the IBM scientists were
successful when they converted sections of a smooth copper metal surface
into a one-atom-thick coating of copper nitride, an insulator.
"NLR is one of the most ambitious national research and education
networking initiatives of our time and a giant leap in driving the evolution
of the Internet," said John Crites , MCNC's president and chief executive
officer. "We're excited to participate in this project leveraging the NLR
infrastructure.

iop stm

" Aligning
spins in a material creates magnetism.

nitpicker iaps

The report's
authors are Cyrus Hirjibehedin, Christopher Lutz and Heinrich. But materials such as iron and cobalt have an unequal numbers
of electron spins and thus are magnetic.

National LambdaRail Selects N.C. Research Network Organization to Lead Nationwide Networking Support

The
network infrastructure makes the research teams more efficient, and in some
cases, is essential to the feasibility of projects. Through the NLR
Experiments Support Services, MCNC and NCSU assisted this research by
providing engineering support.

physicists iaps

"

The new method, called spin-excitation spectroscopy, uses IBM's special
low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope designed for use with a broad
range of magnetic fields up to 140,000 times stronger than the earth's.

This new result is the latest in a series of achievements in nanoscale
science at IBM Research. Over the past 16 years, IBM Almaden
researchers have pioneered the use of STMs for positioning atoms into
precisely designed structures that reveal fundamental atomic-scale
properties and may have potential uses in information technology. The
group's results include:

-- Positioning individual atoms on surfaces,
-- Inventing an electrical switch with a single atom as the active
element,
-- Inventing a new kind of electron trap called a "quantum corral,"
-- Discovering the "quantum mirage" effect, in which an electron's
quantum wave pattern is used to project information,
-- Demonstrating a complete functional computational circuit based on the
"molecule cascade" motion of individual molecules that is 260,000 times
smaller than that which could be made by the best contemporary chip-making
methods, and
-- Demonstrating spin-flip spectroscopy: using an STM to probe the spin-
state of a single atom and measure the energy required to flip a single
spin.C. This will enable rate-guaranteed
services for remote collaboration of geographically distributed scientists.
Additionally, it offers new research frontiers for networking researchers and
distributed systems researchers," said University of Virginia Associate
Professor Malathi Veeraraghavan, who leads the CHEETAH research project and
holds a joint position in the university's Computer Science and Electrical and
Computer Engineering departments. John Blondin, a professor at NCSU
specializing in astrophysics and relativity and involved in the CHEETAH
project.

About National LambdaRail
National LambdaRail, Inc.

Associations , societies, etc.

gravitation condensed

(Click here for details) IBM researchers performed atom-scale magnetism experiments . Techniques like this can help us gain the knowledge
needed to create those alternatives. "We are honored to have the opportunity to help researchers
throughout the nation and world develop the networking infrastructure critical
to advancements in every field of science and engineering."
NLR is not a single network -- it is a fiber optic infrastructure
supporting many networks that exist side by side. MCNC, founded in 1980 to be a catalyst for technology-based
economic development throughout North Carolina, is located in North Carolina's
Research Triangle Park.

iop gravitation

They found that chains with an even number of atoms had no net magnetism,
while chains with an odd number of atoms showed net magnetism. Those experiments were done using an aluminum oxide
insulating surface, but it was impossible to move atoms around on that
surface. Electron spins can be either "up" or "down.
MCNC, with support from N. Georgia Tech
has joined in as a participant on the CHEETAH network . NCREN provides high-speed Internet, video, audio and data network
services for North Carolina public universities, Duke University, Wake Forest
University, other private universities and community colleges , state
government and non-profit institutions.mcnc-gcns.

iop aip

IBM scientists have developed a powerful new
technique for exploring and controlling magnetism at its fundamental atomic
level. "Sometime in the next couple of decades, it
will be impossibly difficult to continue improving transistors and other
traditional microelectronic circuit elements by simply shrinking them.

In addition to exploring the basic properties of magnetic materials, the
IBM researchers expect to use this new technique in the future to:

-- Explore the limits of magnetic data storage, by engineering the energy
required to flip the collective orientation of a small number of
magnetically coupled atoms.

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"

These new experimental results are published in today's issue of Science
Express , Science magazine's online advance publication of reports judged by
the journal's editors to be especially timely and important.net/supported.html

About MCNC
Since 1985, MCNC has developed and operated the North Carolina Research
and Education Network (NCREN) in collaboration with the University of North
Carolina's 16 campuses.

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physicists crystallography

MCNC and N. Networks linking
these locations can enable the transfer of massive amounts of data, remote
visualization of results and remote control of scientific equipment.nlr. For more information, please visit
http://www.